Eczema was once thought of as a childhood condition, but many adults live with it too, and some develop it for the first time later in life. In eczema, the skin barrier doesn't hold moisture well and reacts strongly to irritants. These are ten common triggers.
1. Scratching
Scratching damages the skin barrier, makes inflammation worse and can let bacteria in, which leads to more itching. Keep nails short, try cotton gloves at night and ask your dermatologist about treatment to control the itch.
2. Cold, dry weather
Michigan winters are hard on eczema. Low humidity pulls moisture from the skin. Use a humidifier at home and switch to a thicker cream or ointment in the colder months.
3. Long, hot showers
Hot water strips natural oils. Keep baths and showers short and lukewarm, pat dry and apply moisturizer within three minutes to lock in water.
4. Sweat
Sweat can sting and itch on eczema-prone skin. Wear loose, breathable fabrics, keep the bedroom cool, and rinse off soon after exercise.
5. Harsh soaps and bubble baths
Many soaps and bath products remove the oils your skin needs. Use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser only where needed and skip bubble baths.
6. Fragrances and dyes
Fragrance shows up in lotions, makeup, shampoos, laundry detergent, fabric softener and dryer sheets. Look for products labeled fragrance-free and read ingredient lists; "unscented" products can still contain masking fragrance.
7. Pollen, dust mites, pet dander and mold
Many people with eczema also have allergies. A HEPA vacuum, allergen-proof pillow and mattress covers, and washing bedding weekly in hot water can help.
8. Skin infections
Eczema skin is more easily infected by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and viruses such as herpes simplex. Oozing, crusting, pus or sudden painful blisters need prompt medical care. For some patients, a dermatologist may recommend dilute bleach baths to reduce bacteria on the skin.
9. Certain foods
In some people, especially young children, foods such as milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat or fish can worsen eczema. Don't cut foods out on a hunch. Restrictive diets can cause nutritional gaps, so talk with your doctor about testing first.
10. Stress and hormones
Stress commonly sets off flares. Many women also notice changes around their menstrual cycle or during pregnancy. Sleep, exercise and relaxation techniques can help break the itch–stress cycle.
When to see a dermatologist
If moisturizers and avoiding triggers aren't enough, prescription creams, newer non-steroid treatments and biologic or oral medicines can control even severe eczema.
This article is for general education and isn't a substitute for a visit with a physician.